International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment
type: channel
description: The International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment (IJREE) is a publication of the National Centre for Energy and Environment. The Journal contains scientific research into all aspects of Renewable Energy resources, their interaction with the environment and relationship with man. This journal is multidisciplinary in approach and interdisciplinary in scope promoting findings in a wide range of subject areas: Renewable Energy Technology, Agricultural Engineering Technology, Biomass Feedstock and Conversion, Environmental Forensics, Environmental Law and Policy, Environmental Management, Human Health and Life cycle Assessment, Biological Modelling, Environmental Engineering, Energy Efficiency, Climate Change and Carbon Capture Technology. In view of the multidisciplinary nature of the journal, the Editorial Board and Editorial Advisory Committee are made up of a broad spectrum of internationally recognized scientist, academicians and policy makers who will encourage publications that display only the highest standards of international scholarship.
publisher: National Centre for Energy and Environment
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment
issn: 2504-9593
copyright: Accepted paper becomes the permanent property of the International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment (IJREE) and may not be reproduced by any means without the written permission of the Editorial board.
items: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF BIOFUELS AND ELECTRIC PROPULSION FOR SMALL-SCALE MARINE TRANSPORTATION IN NIGERIA
items: MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS CONDITIONS INFLUENCE ON GLUCOSE, XYLOSE AND BIOETHANOL YIELD FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC WASTE PALM FRUIT BUNCHES
items: OTHER EFFECTIVE AREA BASED CONSERVATION MEASURES (OECM’s) IN OSUN STATE: A DELPHI STUDY TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE.
items: HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION IN CATFISH AND HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF IKPOBA RIVER
items: APPLICATION OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY IN ASSESSING URBAN EXPANSION IN BENIN AND ITS ENVIRONS – IMPLICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
items: ASSESSMENT OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE AS A POTENTIAL FEEDSTOCK FOR DECENTRALISED BIOENERGY PRODUCTION IN OKUOKOKO, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
items: IMPROVED (SPER) DESIGN WITH SOLAR-DRIVEN AIRFLOW AND CONTROLLED WATER CIRCULATION FOR REDUCED POSTHARVEST LOSSES IN SEMI-ARID OFF-GRID SETTINGS
items: ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, LIVELIHOODS, AND HEALTH IMPACTS OF OIL EXTRACTION ON MARITIME RESOURCES IN BRASS LGA, NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
items: Game-Theoretic and Adaptive Pricing for Residential P2P Solar Microgrids in Northern Nigeria
items: EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL GEOMETRY ON WINDFLOW FOR ACTIVATING NATURAL VENTILATION IN BUILDINGS
items: Housing Adaptation to Climate Change: A Critical Review of Resilient Architectural Practices and Renewable Energy Solutions
items: IMPACT OF ADDITION OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TiO2) NANO PARTICLE ON THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BIODIESEL EXTRACTED FROM JATROPHA OIL
items: NEIGHBORHOOD-SCALE ANALYSIS OF URBAN GROWTH AND LANDSCAPE TRANSFORMATION IN RIKKOS AND LAMINGO, JOS NORTH, NIGERIA USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
items: GC-MS PROFILING, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ANALYSIS OF THE N-HEXANE EXTRACT OF THE SEEDS OF RAPHIA HOOKERI OBTAINED IN DELTA STATE
items: EFFECT OF EXTREME CLIMATE ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGICAL DISCOMFORT IN JOS METROPOLIS, PLATEAU STATE
items: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF WASTE LUBRICATING OIL ON SOIL QUALITY IN AUTOMOBILE WORKSHOPS IN DELTA STATE
items: WEIGHT OPTIMIZATION OF 3D PRINTED PLATE SKID LANDING GEAR FOR IMPROVED ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN FIXED WING UAVS
items: LAND USE/LAND COVER TRANSITIONS IN BENIN CITY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
items: ASSESSMENT OF AIR QUALITY AND NOISE LEVEL AROUND UNIVERSITY OF BENIN UGBOWO CAMPUS MAIN-GATE, BENIN CITY, EDO STATE NIGERIA
items: COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MONOCRYSTALLINE, POLYCRYSTALLINE, AND THIN-FILM SOLAR PANELS UNDER VARYING SOLAR IRRADIANCE IN ABAKALIKI, EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA
items: MODELING SLOPE AND ASPECT INFLUENCE ON LANDSCAPE MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE IN NDELE, RIVERS: A GIS-BASED ASSESSMENT
items: FRACTIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH LEAD NITRATE AND CADMIUM NITRATE USING SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION METHOD
items: Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Batteries
items: Assessing Grid Stability Under Renewable Energy Penetration Using Data-Driven Simulations
items: COMPARATIVE YIELD AND ANALYSIS OF ALCOHOL FROM SELECTED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
items: THERMAL COMPETITIVENESS OF FURNACE BRICKS MADE FROM AGGREGATION OF SAND AND CLAYS SOURCED FROM OVIA, AFUZE ANDOGHARA IN NIGER DELTA REGION OF NIGERIA
items: PLASTIC WASTES: AFRICA'S PERSPECTIVE IN ADDRESSING THE CRISIS AND INNOVATION FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
items: FORMS OF ORGANIC CARBON IN SOILS FROM ETSAKO EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE, NIGERIA
items: EVALUATION OF WIND ENERGY FOR POWER GENERATION IN BAUCHI STATE NIGERIA
items: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RADIONUCLIDE CONTAMINATION IN NIGERIAN FISH AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH

A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF BIOFUELS AND ELECTRIC PROPULSION FOR SMALL-SCALE MARINE TRANSPORTATION IN NIGERIA
type: item
description: Nigeria's small-scale marine transport sector which encompasses inland waterways, coastal ferries, fishing vessels, and naval patrol craft operating across approximately 10,000 kilometres of waterways, remains heavily dependent on petrol and diesel, generating significant air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy insecurity. This review systematically compares two alternative energy pathways; biofuels (biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas), and electric propulsion (battery-electric and hybrid-electric), for applicability to Nigerian small-scale marine vessels (5–50 m). Evaluated against technical feasibility, environmental performance, economic viability, and infrastructural readiness, the analysis demonstrates that hybrid setups utilizing battery-electric systems with biofuel-powered engines provide the best results across various metrics, and biodiesel offers the most immediately deployable pathway through drop-in compatibility with existing engines; while battery-electric propulsion is superior for short-route urban ferries contingent on grid improvements. The exploration closes with a phased, portfolio-based transition strategy with clear regulatory and financing recommendations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Alternative marine fuels
  topic: keywords
subject: biofuels
  topic: keywords
subject: electric propulsion
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
subject: inland waterways
  topic: keywords
subject: decarbonization
  topic: keywords
creator: Mathew O. Anjuwon
creator: Emmanuel C. Ikegwuonu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 199
ending page: 220
doi: 10.5281/

MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS CONDITIONS INFLUENCE ON GLUCOSE, XYLOSE AND BIOETHANOL YIELD FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC WASTE PALM FRUIT BUNCHES
type: item
description: This study examined the effect of processing parameters (acid concentration, temperature and process duration) on the yield of glucose, xylose and bioethanol synthesized from lignocellulosic waste palm fruit bunches. Raw material was procured from a palm oil processing company in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria. It was mechanically communited, characterized and hydrolyzed using different concentrations of H2SO4, temperatures and resident times. Hydrolysates were tested for xylose and glucose yield using a spectrophotometer Hydrolysates were then fermented at room temperature for different time duration using Saccharomyces sereviciae. Hydrolysis and fermentation processes were modeled and optimized using the RSM. A laboratory distiller was used to purify the bioethanol obtained, and the proximate composition and fuel properties were determined. Results showed that the feedstock had a composition of 74.33 % holocellulose, (57.44 % α-cellulose and 16.89 % hemicelluloses), 15.87 % lignin and 5.57 % ash. RSM polynomial of the quadratic form adequately expressed the relationship existing between process variables and yield of glucose, xylose, and bioethanol with R2 and SEE ranging from 0.963 to 0.993 and 0.121 to 2.501, respectively. Optimum glucose and xylose yield was 34.643g/L and 18.471g/L, at 1.196 and 1.195% acid load hydrolysis for 26.924 and 21.578 mins at 160.407 and 160.071oC, respectively. Optimum bioethanol yield of 32.838 g/L was obtained at 72.933h and 86.15% fermentation efficiency. The bioethanol had 97.68 % purity, 0.03 % ash, 0.42 % moisture content, 5.05 mg/L acidity, and 6.61 pH. The fuel properties were 791.13 kg/m3 density at 15oC, 1.67 mm/s2 viscosity at 40oC, 124 Octane Number, 13.043 kPa vapour pressure, 12.8oC flash point, 79 - 101oC distillation temperature range, 358oC auto-ignition, 29.16 MJ/kg calorific value, and 589.51oC drivability index. Proximate composition of the bioethanol satisfied the ASTM D4806 specification, its fuel properties met the Int…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Lignocellulosic biofeedstock
  topic: keywords
subject: hydrolysis
  topic: keywords
subject: fermentation
  topic: keywords
subject: bioethanol
  topic: keywords
subject: bioprocess modeling
  topic: keywords
creator: L. N. Onuoha
creator: J. C. Ehiem
creator: N. A. Aviara
creator: A. O. Igbozulike
creator: B. N. Nwankwojike
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-25
publication date: 2026-02-25
starting page: 172
ending page: 198
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18771014

OTHER EFFECTIVE AREA BASED CONSERVATION MEASURES (OECM’s) IN OSUN STATE: A DELPHI STUDY TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE.
type: item
description: Other Effective Conservation Measures (OECMs) are crucial for both sustainable biodiversity use and climate change mitigation. OECM sites in Osun State were identified as a measure for biodiversity conservation using delphi research, an organized method intended to extract the insights of experts. This paper identified 14 OECM in the study area, using the global positioning system receiver to obtain geographic coordinates. The landforms and associated ecosystems were captured through direct field observations and photographs while the assessment of meeting up with the OECM standard was done using the CBD Criteria, out of which only 8 sites met the CBD criteria. The study came to the conclusion that OECMs offer a worldwide framework for identifying, enhancing, and supporting additional designations of conservation areas. Additionally, they fortify the governance and management systems now in place. OECMs help achieve CBD Aichi Target 11, according to the study. It also suggested that policies boost the legitimate authorities' ability to govern in order to promote OECMs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Other Effective Conservation Measures
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable biodiversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate change mitigation
  topic: keywords
subject: CBD Aichi Target 11
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable conservation
  topic: keywords
creator: Bibitayo Ayobami Owolabi
creator: Abraham Adewumi Adebayo
creator: Olaide Omowumi Oyeleke
creator: Adedamola Oyinade Sanuade
creator: Abdulbasith Olabamiji Fajinmolu
creator: Abosede Blessing Akande
creator: Oyewole Daniel Ilufoye
creator: Samson Ayoade Olakojo
creator: Aishat Bolanle Babalola
creator: Owolabi Oluwaseyi Ibukun
creator: Abisola Elizabeth Owolabi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 160
ending page: 171
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18760107

HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION IN CATFISH AND HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF IKPOBA RIVER
type: item
description: A research of heavy metals concentration in fish samples collected from Ikpoba River, Benin City, during two months of March and July, 2024. The accumulation of heavy metals in fish is a significant concern due to their tendency to accumulate in fish tissues. Results from Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) analysis showed the presence of all six selected heavy metals (Iron, Chromium, Zinc, Lead, Copper, and Cadmium) in the fish species Clarias spp. However, concentrations were determined from the two fish tissues. In the liver, Fe, has the highest concentrations while Pb shown the lowest concentrations. The trend is as follows; Fe>Zn>Cr>Cu>Cd>Pb. In the gills, Fe, also has the highest concentration while Cu has the lowest concentrations. The order of the concentration in gills was as follows: Fe>Zn>Cd>Cr>Pb>Cu. The accumulated concentrations of heavy metals in liver is 7.19ppm higher than the gills 4.29ppm. The selected heavy metals for both tissues exceeded the maximum limits set by the WHO and FAO, except for Zinc and Copper in fish samples. This may result to chronic illness and cause potential damages to the population. Therefore, precautionary measures and continuous monitoring of Ikpoba River is necessary.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bioacculation
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioindicator
  topic: keywords
subject: Clarias spp
  topic: keywords
subject: Ikpoba River
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Akinmoladun
creator: E. T. Ogbomida
creator: O. F. Emeribe
creator: B. O. Olatunji
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 132
ending page: 141
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18759264

APPLICATION OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY IN ASSESSING URBAN EXPANSION IN BENIN AND ITS ENVIRONS – IMPLICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
type: item
description: Effective monitoring of urban expansion hits serious difficulties and equally raises great questions for the future. The depletion of the natural vegetation leading to the altering of the ecology of Benin City and its Environs is of serious concern. To ascertain the extent of the aforementioned, this study applied the use of geospatial technology in assessing urban expansion in Benin and its environs. The result revealed that in 1987, forest occupied 56045.37 hectares, disturbed forest 83314.01 hectares, cultivated land 63419.92 hectares and urban land 35446.21 hectares, while in 2024 forest cover declined to 27917.74 hectares, disturbed forest 46956.81 hectares, cultivated land 76852.94 hectares and urban land 86498.02 hectares. On the overall, between 1987 and 2024 forest and disturbed forest were lost by 34.6% and 23.6% respectively, while cultivated land gained 8.7% and urban land 33.1%. This study revealed that urban expansion has severely impacted negatively on natural environment as a result of the spatial spread of urban land use over vegetation contributing to Global Warming and Climate Change. Based on the findings, there is need for conservation and management of existing land fragments in the study area. Alternative source of livelihood for the vulnerable groups should be provided by government as well.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geospatial
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Expansion
  topic: keywords
subject: Land Use Land Cover (LULC)
  topic: keywords
subject: Remote Sensing
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographical Information System (GIS)
  topic: keywords
creator: Nantip Thomas Goselle
creator: Abel Tom Akan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 104
ending page: 116
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18756121

ASSESSMENT OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE AS A POTENTIAL FEEDSTOCK FOR DECENTRALISED BIOENERGY PRODUCTION IN OKUOKOKO, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
type: item
description: Household food waste poses persistent environmental challenges in rapidly urbanising communities, yet its relevance to decentralised bioenergy systems is rarely integrated into environmental assessments. This study examined food waste generation patterns, handling practices, and infrastructural conditions in Okuokoko, Delta State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to 250 households and analysed using descriptive statistics and reliability testing. Results indicate that 77.2% of households generate food waste daily, reflecting a temporally stable organic waste stream. Food waste generation is driven mainly by preparation-related losses (48.4%), followed by over-preparation (22.4%), weather-related spoilage (16.0%), and over-buying (8.8%). Disposal practices are predominantly unsustainable, with 57.2% of households using open dumpsites and 30.8% practising open dumping, while only 47.6% utilise waste collection services. Infrastructure constraints are evident, as 48.8% lack access to approved dumpsites. Although 58.0% report general waste management awareness, only 49.2% recognise food waste recycling, indicating a significant awareness gap.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Food waste
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioenergy potential
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Waste-to-energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Anaerobic digestion
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban waste management
  topic: keywords
creator: Akinyemi Olufemi Ogunkeyede
creator: Ndidi Lucia Okoh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 90
ending page: 103
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18755558

IMPROVED (SPER) DESIGN WITH SOLAR-DRIVEN AIRFLOW AND CONTROLLED WATER CIRCULATION FOR REDUCED POSTHARVEST LOSSES IN SEMI-ARID OFF-GRID SETTINGS
type: item
description: Off-grid communities in Borno State face persistent challenges in preserving perishable food commodities due to high ambient temperatures, low relative humidity, and unreliable electricity supply. These constraints result in significant postharvest losses, weaken local food security, and limit the economic viability of smallholder farmers and informal food vendors. Conventional refrigeration systems, particularly vapor-compression technologies, are largely unsuitable in such contexts because of their high energy demand, dependence on continuous grid power, and environmental concerns associated with synthetic refrigerants. This study examines the viability and performance potential of a Solar-Powered Evaporative Refrigerator (SPER) as a sustainable cooling solution for off-grid environments. Constructed primarily from locally available, low-cost materials, the system was designed for autonomous operation, environmental sustainability, and scalability. Field testing under representative semi-arid conditions (ambient temperatures of 32–41 °C and relative humidity of 18–35%) demonstrated a maximum internal temperature reduction of up to 12 °C, alongside increased internal relative humidity suitable for fresh produce storage. Performance evaluation showed that the SPER reduced tomato spoilage by approximately 75% over a 72-hour storage period, significantly outperforming conventional non-insulated Zeer pots. Thermal analysis revealed that the combined effects of clay-based insulation, sustained fibre saturation, and solar-driven airflow were critical in stabilizing internal temperature and humidity levels, while maintaining low water and energy consumption. Overall, the findings confirm the SPER’s potential as a low-energy, decentralized refrigeration technology for resource-limited, off-grid settings. Its adaptability to tomatoes and other perishable commodities offers a practical pathway to reducing postharvest losses, improving food security, and promoting environment…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Solar-powered
  topic: keywords
subject: evaporative refrigeration
  topic: keywords
subject: Semi-arid
  topic: keywords
subject: postharvest storage
  topic: keywords
subject: insulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Low-energy
  topic: keywords
creator: H. Musa
creator: M. B. Maina
creator: A. B. Muhammad
creator: A. T. Abdulrahim
creator: S.A. Abdulrahaman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-23
publication date: 2026-02-23
starting page: 47
ending page: 57
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18750071

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, LIVELIHOODS, AND HEALTH IMPACTS OF OIL EXTRACTION ON MARITIME RESOURCES IN BRASS LGA, NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
type: item
description: Environmental degradation from oil extraction poses significant threats to coastal livelihoods in the Niger Delta, yet integrated assessments linking ecological impacts to household well-being remain limited. This study investigates the socio-ecological consequences of oil pollution in Brass Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Specifically, it assesses patterns of oil-induced environmental degradation, examines impacts on fisheries and mangroves, and analyzes livelihood and health outcomes for coastal communities. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) oil extraction significantly affects maritime resources, and (2) repeated exposure to oil spills negatively affects livelihoods and health. Data were collected from 300 respondents using structured questionnaires and supplemented with secondary spill records. Analyses employed descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. Results indicate that frequent oil spills, primarily from illegal bunkering and pipeline failures, degrade fisheries, mangroves, and water quality, leading to reduced fish catch, loss of income, health challenges, and displacement. The study recommends stricter monitoring of oil infrastructure, ecological restoration, livelihood support programs, and risk communication to enhance community resilience and sustainable resource management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Oil-induced Environmental Degradation
  topic: keywords
subject: Coastal Livelihoods
  topic: keywords
subject: Niger Delta
  topic: keywords
subject: Fisheries and mangroves
  topic: keywords
subject: Community resilience
  topic: keywords
creator: Abiodun Ayooluwa Areola
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-23
publication date: 2026-02-23
starting page: 28
ending page: 46
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18749601

Game-Theoretic and Adaptive Pricing for Residential P2P Solar Microgrids in Northern Nigeria
type: item
description: Reliable electricity access remains a major challenge in northern Nigeria, particularly in conflict-affected areas such as Maiduguri, where prolonged grid outages have increased dependence on decentralized energy systems. Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading and renewable microgrids present promising pathways for improving energy access, but their effectiveness relies on appropriate pricing mechanisms and active prosumer participation. This study models and evaluates a residential P2P microgrid situated in the 1000 Housing Estate, Maiduguri, comprising seven households, including one prosumer equipped with a 10kW solar photovoltaic (PV) system and a 40 kWh battery energy storage system (BESS). Using real household load data and a Python-based simulation environment, the study assesses PV generation feasibility, storage performance, P2P surplus allocation, and the economic impacts of three pricing schemes: Fixed-Rate, Adaptive Time-of-Use (ATOU), and Game-Theoretic (GT) pricing. Results show that the PV–BESS system reliably meets 100% of household energy demand with zero unmet load, generating 71.7 kWh/day of surplus energy for P2P distribution. A demand-weighted allocation mechanism achieves equitable sharing of prosumer surplus among households. Cost analysis indicates that GT pricing reduces total system cost by 7.4% relative to the Fixed-Rate tariff and provides the best balance between efficiency and fairness. Although ATOU yields the lowest overall cost, GT pricing demonstrates superior equity and responsiveness to household behavior, as evidenced by Gini coefficients, Lorenz curves, and violin plot distributions. The findings demonstrate that decentralized pricing and P2P trading can significantly improve energy affordability, fairness, and reliability in underserved communities. The study recommends the deployment of smart metering infrastructure, prosumer financing mechanisms, simplified licensing frameworks for P2P trading, and community-based governance struc…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: decentralized energy systems; peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading; game-theoretic pricing; solar photovoltaic (PV) microgrid; battery energy storage system (BESS); adaptive time-of-use (ATOU) tariffs; energy equity and fairness; Nigerian Electricity Act 2023.
subject: Game-Theoretic and Adaptive Pricing for Residential P2P Solar Microgrids in Northern Nigeria
  topic: subjects
subject: Electrical Engineering; Energy Systems; Renewable Energy; Sustainable Development and Energy Policy
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mustapha Muhammad Muhammad
creator: Bukar Umar Musa
creator: Jafaru Usman
creator: Ibrahim Mustapha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 117
ending page: 131
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18757907

EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL GEOMETRY ON WINDFLOW FOR ACTIVATING NATURAL VENTILATION IN BUILDINGS
type: item
description: Natural ventilation is hugely reliant on microclimatic conditions of an environment. In urban setting, this is often influenced by wind movements and air temperatures. The correlation between building heights and their proximity to each other and presence of physical structures that form the urban geometric elements are known to influence the incoming and outgoing wind speeds. This in turn impacts on the quantity and quality of air available for wind driven natural or hybrid ventilation. In this paper, field studies were carried out on selected building and its immediate surroundings within Baze University Campus in Nigeria. This study aims to identify and evaluate the behaviors of air flow as well as analyze the impacts of environmental geometric elements on the natural ventilation potential within the environment. For this purpose, a field survey was conducted to generate data regarding the microclimatic conditions in the study area. The study utilized both observatory analysis and simulation to analyze and describe the conditions measured. The general conclusion is that the surrounding street elements like trees and landscaping structures prevail in the diversion and consequent reduction of wind speed needed for natural indoor ventilation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Airflow patterns
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental geometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural ventilation
  topic: keywords
subject: Passive ventilation
  topic: keywords
subject: Street geometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban geometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental geometry
  topic: subjects
subject: nATURAL VENTILATION
  topic: subjects
subject: Passive ventilation
  topic: subjects
subject: Urban geometry
  topic: subjects
subject: Architecture
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Science
  topic: disciplines
creator: JIDEOFOR AKUBUE
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 58
ending page: 71
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18754861

Housing Adaptation to Climate Change: A Critical Review of Resilient Architectural Practices and Renewable Energy Solutions
type: item
description: The built environment is a critical frontier for climate change mitigation and adaptation, with residential buildings accounting for a substantial portion of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper presents a critical review of contemporary literature (2020-2025) synthesizing advancements in climate-resilient housing through integrated architectural and renewable energy solutions. A systematic analysis of 51 studies examines three core areas: passive and active architectural design for thermal resilience; the role of decentralized renewable energy in enhancing autonomy; and the socio-technical, policy, and governance dimensions of implementation. The review identifies a paradigm shift from static efficiency toward dynamic, adaptive building systems, highlighting the efficacy of bioclimatic design, smart materials, and AI-driven management. Decentralized solar energy is underscored as fundamental for decarbonization and energy security, though its success depends on supportive policies, community engagement, and equitable finance. Persistent gaps are noted, including the need for holistic lifecycle assessments, scalable models for low-income contexts, and stronger integration of technical and social equity approaches. The review concludes by advocating for a transformative shift toward adaptive, regenerative, and just residential environments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate Adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: Resilient Housing
  topic: keywords
subject: Renewable Energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Architectural Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Decentralized Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Building Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Architecture
  topic: subjects
subject: Energy
  topic: subjects
subject: Climate Change
  topic: subjects
subject: Energy Efficiency
  topic: subjects
subject: Environmental Science
  topic: subjects
subject: Environmental Science
  topic: disciplines
subject: Architecture
  topic: disciplines
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Energy
  topic: disciplines
creator: Benjamin Moral
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 142
ending page: 159
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18759857

IMPACT OF ADDITION OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TiO2) NANO PARTICLE ON THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BIODIESEL EXTRACTED FROM JATROPHA OIL
type: item
description: Vegetable oils are gaining increasing attention as sustainable substitutes for conventional mineral oils in electrical insulation applications due to their biodegradability, renewability, and favorable thermal characteristics. Among these alternatives, Jatropha curcas oil has demonstrated promising dielectric properties, particularly adequate electrical breakdown strength for high-voltage applications. However, there remains limited understanding of the dielectric behavior of Jatropha biodiesel modified with metal oxide nanoparticles, as most existing studies focus on crude or refined oils and employ narrow or unsystematic nanoparticle loadings, with insufficient correlation between structural characteristics and dielectric performance. In this study, the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticle incorporation on the dielectric properties of biodiesel derived from purified Jatropha curcas oil was systematically investigated. The crude oil was first purified and transesterified to obtain biodiesel, after which TiO₂ nanoparticles were dispersed at concentrations ranging from 0.1 wt.% to 0.5 wt.% in increments of 0.1 wt.%. Structural, elemental, and molecular characterizations of the crude oil, biodiesel, and nanoparticle-modified samples were conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Dielectric parameters, including dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″), and dissipation factor (tan δ), were measured over a range of temperatures using a digital LCR meter. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles significantly enhances the dielectric performance of Jatropha biodiesel by reducing dielectric losses and improving polarization stability. These findings highlight the potential of TiO₂-modified Jatropha biodiesel as an environmentally friendly and high-performance insulating fluid for high-voltage and high-temperature elect…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biodiesel, Vegetable oil, Jatropha oil, Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
  topic: keywords
subject: Vegetable Oil
  topic: subjects
subject: Biodiesel
  topic: subjects
subject: Material Science
  topic: disciplines
subject: Renewable energy
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ogobeche Ogah
creator: Auwalu Inusa Abubakar
creator: Auwal Muhammad
creator: Sunusi Abdulmalik Aliyu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 72
ending page: 89
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18755073

NEIGHBORHOOD-SCALE ANALYSIS OF URBAN GROWTH AND LANDSCAPE TRANSFORMATION IN RIKKOS AND LAMINGO, JOS NORTH, NIGERIA USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
type: item
description: Rapid urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa is changing land use and land cover (LULC) patterns, with significant implications for ecological sustainability and spatial planning. This study assessed LULC dynamics in Rikkos and Lamingo, Plateau State, Nigeria, between 2014 and 2024, to understand spatial patterns of urbanization and land degradation. Multi-temporal Landsat 8 OLI imageries (30 m spatial resolution) were analyzed using supervised classification (maximum likelihood algorithm) and post-classification comparison within a GIS framework. Five major LULC categories: built-up, farmland, vegetation, rock outcrop, and water body were identified and classified. The classification achieved an overall accuracy of 94.2% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.90, confirming its strong reliability. Results revealed a substantial increase in built-up areas (+54.13%) and rock outcrops (+414.77%), largely at the expense of farmland (−37.43%) and vegetation (−50.15%), while water body showed minor change (−13.73%). These shifts reflect intense anthropogenic pressure, rapid urban expansion, and progressive land degradation. The study emphasizes the pressing need for integrated land-use planning, afforestation, and the reclamation of degraded areas to foster sustainable environmental management and enhance ecosystem resilience. The findings provide a spatial basis for policy formulation aimed at curbing uncontrolled land conversion in rapidly urbanizing regions of sub-Saharan Africa.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Land use/land cover change
  topic: keywords
subject: remote sensing and GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable land management
  topic: keywords
subject: Jos Plateau State
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
subject: urban expansion
  topic: keywords
creator: A.S. Ogbole
creator: I. A. Ishaku
creator: V. D. Choji
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 11
ending page: 27
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18271384

GC-MS PROFILING, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ANALYSIS OF THE N-HEXANE EXTRACT OF THE SEEDS OF RAPHIA HOOKERI OBTAINED IN DELTA STATE
type: item
description: Raphia hookeri is widely employed in African traditional medicine for diverse therapeutic purposes; however, its bioactive potential remains inadequately investigated. This study examined the chemical composition of the n-hexane seed extract of Raphia hookeri and assessed its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of terpenoids, phenolic compounds, sterols, and cardiac glycosides. Antioxidant evaluation using the DPPH radical scavenging assay demonstrated notable antioxidant activity, indicating the strong bioactive potential of the seed oil. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Candida krusei. The extract exhibited pronounced antimicrobial efficacy against all tested organisms, with zones of inhibition ranging from 18 to 25 mm. Anti-inflammatory assessment showed a maximum inhibition of 60.15% at a concentration of 500 µg/mL, compared to 89.13% inhibition obtained for diclofenac used as the reference drug. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the extract was determined to be 2.5 mg/mL. These findings provide scientific support for the therapeutic relevance of Raphia hookeri seed oil and highlight its potential application in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and industrial formulations aimed at developing sustainable and affordable health solutions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Raphia hookeri
  topic: keywords
subject: antioxidant
  topic: keywords
subject: antimicrobial
  topic: keywords
subject: anti-inflammatory
  topic: keywords
subject: GC-MS
  topic: keywords
creator: C.E. Ogwuche
creator: D.O. Emwanta
creator: P.A. Etoh
creator: I. Ekoro
creator: F.B. Okorhi-Damisa
creator: O. P. Akpevwe
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18271190

EFFECT OF EXTREME CLIMATE ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGICAL DISCOMFORT IN JOS METROPOLIS, PLATEAU STATE
type: item
description: Amid rising global climate concerns, Jos Metropolis in Nigeria, a high-altitude city historically known for temperate conditions, now experiences abrupt temperature fluctuations (“Jos weather”) that induce significant physiological discomfort. This study investigated (i) specific weather conditions causing discomfort, (ii) the nature and extent of discomfort during extreme heat/cold, (iii) the most affected demographic groups, and (iv) coping strategy effectiveness. A descriptive survey design was adopted targeting 1,101,300 residents of Jos North and South LGAs (NPC, 2022). Using Taro Yamane’s formula, 400 respondents were selected via stratified random sampling. A validated questionnaire (Cronbach’s α = 0.818) and Landsat-derived LST analysis (2014–2024) were employed. Results revealed extreme heat and cold spells as primary drivers, causing respiratory issues, dehydration, and joint pain, worsened by urban expansion (+7.474 km² built-up area). The elderly are most vulnerable, with significant demographic differences (ANOVA F(3,379) = 6.247, p = 0.001) and a strong climate-discomfort relationship (r = 0.672, p < 0.001). Current coping strategies offer only moderate relief. The study recommends portable fans, insulated clothing, cooling centres, N95 mask distribution, GIS-based vulnerability mapping, and aggressive green infrastructure development to mitigate escalating health risks in Jos Metropolis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Extreme climate
  topic: keywords
subject: physiological discomfort
  topic: keywords
subject: Jos Metropolis
  topic: keywords
subject: urban heat island
  topic: keywords
subject: social vulnerability
  topic: keywords
creator: Tobias Dakum Mwanlong
creator: Solomon Zitta Wuyep
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 205
ending page: 218
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18271030

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF WASTE LUBRICATING OIL ON SOIL QUALITY IN AUTOMOBILE WORKSHOPS IN DELTA STATE
type: item
description: This study assessed the impact of waste lubricating oil (WLO) management on soil quality in automobile workshops across three local government areas in Delta State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected using a soil auger from five sites in Uwvie, Warri, Oghara and Sapele automobile workshops. Physicochemical and heavy metal analyses were conducted to evaluate contamination levels. Results showed moderately acidic soils (pH 4.60–7.20) except WARS1, which was slightly basic. Cadmium concentrations exceeded WHO limits, while heavy metals followed the trend Cr > Zn > Pb > Cd. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were high (724.09–8630.39 µg/kg), indicating hydrocarbon contamination. ANOVA showed significant variation only in Total Organic Carbon (TOC%) and n-hexadecane, while PCA explained 96% of the dataset variance. The TPH contamination trend was WARS2 > SAPS2 > WARS1 > OGHS1 > SAPS1. The study concludes that improper WLO disposal significantly degrades soil quality, posing ecological and sustainability risks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Automobile workshops
  topic: keywords
subject: waste lube oil
  topic: keywords
subject: soils
  topic: keywords
subject: total petroleum hydrocarbons
  topic: keywords
creator: Maureen Imhontu
creator: Osadebe Biose
creator: Oghosa Akenzua
creator: Jonah Angalapu
creator: Christopher Okorie
creator: Timothy Obamina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 190
ending page: 204
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18270936

WEIGHT OPTIMIZATION OF 3D PRINTED PLATE SKID LANDING GEAR FOR IMPROVED ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN FIXED WING UAVS
type: item
description: This study details the structural optimization of a 3D-printed plate skid landing gear for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to improve flight endurance and operational efficiency through weight reduction. The study integrated Topology Optimization (TO) with Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques, using ANSYS Mechanical for Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations to ensure structural integrity under both ground and aerodynamic loads. Topology Optimization revealed the minimal load-bearing regions, enabling targeted material removal while maintaining the exterior airfoil shape. The optimized design achieved a 9.6% weight reduction (from 88.28 g to 79.80 g). Structural performance remained robust: maximum equivalent stress increased negligibly (0.84%), and reduction in factor of safety was minimal. Successfully fabricated using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), the new design also reduced production time by 1.89%. This research confirms that the synergy of TO and AM is a viable pathway for developing lighter, more energy-efficient UAV components, and this methodology can be extended to optimize other UAV parts and aerospace structures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Topology optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: Additive manufacturing
  topic: keywords
subject: UAV landing gear
  topic: keywords
subject: Weight reduction
  topic: keywords
subject: Finite element analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Fluid-structure interaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Fused deposition modeling
  topic: keywords
creator: Emmanuel, C. Ikegwuonu
creator: Jeffery I. Idididi
creator: Godslove Uwumwonse
creator: David, U. Val-Izevbigie
creator: Oghosa, L. Airhiomwauhimwen
creator: Aisosa, M. Oriakhi
creator: Oritsejolomisan, E. Afinotan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 172
ending page: 189
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18270809

LAND USE/LAND COVER TRANSITIONS IN BENIN CITY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
type: item
description: Benin City has witnessed tremendous increase in urban activities over the years, mainly due population increase. In 2006, the city recorded a population figure of 1,085,892 with a growth rate of 2.8 percent. However, by 2022, the Nigeria Population Commission projected population figure for Benin City at 1,841,000 at a growth rate of 3.31%. With rapid population growth and soaring urbanization, the city is now grappling with increased wastes generation and the need for improved waste management. This present study investigated the changing pattern of Land use/ Land Cover (LULC) in Benin and implication for MSW management. Landsat 7 and 8 thematic satellite imagery datasets were used in this study, and was sourced from the United State Geological Surveys (USGS) Earth Explorer platform. The analysis was based on satellite imagery classification covering five time periods: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, with projections extended to 2025. Result showed that built-up area has continued to progress remarkably throughout the study period, demonstrating Benin City's rapid urbanization. Starting from 1,171 hectares (4% of the total area) in 2000, the built-up area expanded to 2,133 hectares (7%) by 2005, representing an 82% increase within five years. This upward trend continued consistently, reaching 2,866 hectares (9%) in 2010, 3,544 hectares (12%) in 2015, and 4,346 hectares (14%) in 2020. The projected 2025 figure of 5,229 hectares (17%) indicates that built-up areas will constitute nearly one-fifth of the total land cover. This expansion has resulted in growing pressure on public infrastructure, including municipal authority’s capacity to effectively manage solid waste. Indiscriminate dumping of waste has implications for GHGs emission, pollution, leachate contamination with serious concerns for public health. This study recommends the implementation of compact urban development strategies to reduce the urban footprint per capita as well as the establishment clear ur…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Benin City
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: Land use/ Land Cover
  topic: keywords
subject: urbanization
  topic: keywords
subject: Municipal Solid waste
  topic: keywords
subject: population expansion
  topic: keywords
creator: M.M. Ubrei-Joe
creator: A. Rim-Rukeh
creator: A. Ogunkeyede
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 147
ending page: 171
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18270739

ASSESSMENT OF AIR QUALITY AND NOISE LEVEL AROUND UNIVERSITY OF BENIN UGBOWO CAMPUS MAIN-GATE, BENIN CITY, EDO STATE NIGERIA
type: item
description: This study investigates the air quality and noise levels around the Main Gate of the University of Benin, Ugbowo campus, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, to assess the environmental conditions. Information on Particulate Matters (PM2.5, PM10), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and noise levels were obtained. The results indicated that air quality, PM2.5, Noise level exceeded the permissible limits set by WHO while CO exceeded NESREA permissible level. These findings highlight the need for enhanced environmental management and regulatory measures to improve air and noise quality around the area. The study underscores the importance of ongoing monitoring and the implementation of pollution control strategies to mitigate the adverse health effects associated with prolonged exposure to poor air and noise quality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Formaldehyde
  topic: keywords
subject: Total Volatile Organic Compounds
  topic: keywords
subject: carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
  topic: keywords
subject: Noise
  topic: keywords
subject: WHO
  topic: keywords
subject: NESREA
  topic: keywords
subject: FMEnv
  topic: keywords
creator: N. N. Aigbovo
creator: A. M. Ekhareafo
creator: O. D. Idahosa
creator: I. O. Okojie
creator: I. G. Sukubo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 139
ending page: 146
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18270621

COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MONOCRYSTALLINE, POLYCRYSTALLINE, AND THIN-FILM SOLAR PANELS UNDER VARYING SOLAR IRRADIANCE IN ABAKALIKI, EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA
type: item
description: This study investigated the comparative performance of monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film solar panels under varying solar irradiance and temperature conditions. The study employed an experimental design in which photovoltaic panels were exposed to natural sunlight during a seven-day rooftop experiment in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, with measurements of solar irradiance, ambient temperature, voltage, current, and power output. All the panels were operated at a uniform tilt equal to the site’s latitude and the same orientation, with identical cleaning and maintenance procedures to ensure consistent solar exposure. Results show that monocrystalline panels achieved the highest mean power output (53.80 ± 15.05 W), voltage (18.49 ± 0.20 V), and current (2.91 ± 0.80 A), outperforming polycrystalline (45.69 ± 14.11 W; 17.73 ± 0.21 V; 2.57 ± 0.77 A) and thin-film panels (32.03 ± 10.24 W; 16.03 ± 0.34 V; 2.00 ± 0.65 A).The study concluded that monocrystalline panels have more technological advantage due to their higher and more consistent power output, voltage stability, and responsiveness to varying solar irradiance, making them better suited for energy-demanding applications, especially in warm, high-irradiance regions like Nigeria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Comparative performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Monocrystalline
  topic: keywords
subject: Polycrystalline
  topic: keywords
subject: Thin-film
  topic: keywords
creator: Hyginus Arinze Alegu
creator: Jonathan Chibueze Umunna
creator: Vincent Nnamdi Amadi
creator: Okechukwu Idika Ukairo
creator: Emmanuel Nnaemeka Chukwu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 129
ending page: 138
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18268310

MODELING SLOPE AND ASPECT INFLUENCE ON LANDSCAPE MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE IN NDELE, RIVERS: A GIS-BASED ASSESSMENT
type: item
description: This study examines the complex relationships between slope, aspect, and landscape evolution. The study analyzed how slope and aspect as fundamental topographic factors significantly influence landscape evolution. The primary data was derived from extraction of DEM resolution 30m×30m LANDSAT TM– imagery downloaded from United State Geological Survey. The secondary data were gotten from simulation results carried out with digital elevation model (DEM) using Landscape Process Modeling at Multi dimensions and Scales (LAPSUS); a GIS-based Landscape Evolution Model. The findings of the study showed that the interaction between slope and aspect shaped Ndele landscape through influencing erosion patterns, landform morphology, and ecosystem dynamics. Slope angle controls erosion rates as shown that steeper slopes occur in the Northern regions of Ndele while lower, gentler slope are continually worn down with the lowest value occurring in 2016 at 40.05. Conclusively, the study findings infer that there is an inverse relationship between slope angle and soil erosion which led to structural change in the areas landscape.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: Geomorphometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Terrain
  topic: keywords
creator: Blessing Nesochi Godwin
creator: Obinna Chidi Anyanwu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 120
ending page: 128
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18268190

FRACTIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH LEAD NITRATE AND CADMIUM NITRATE USING SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION METHOD
type: item
description: A separate pot experiment was conducted to compare the metal uptake of soil spiked with amount of lead nitrate (Pb0- 0 mg/kg, Pb1- 1000 mg/kg, Pb2- 500 mg/kg, Pb3- 250 mg/kg, Pb4- 125 mg/kg, Pb5- 62.5 mg/kg), cadmium nitrate (Cd0- 0 mg/kg, Cd1- 1000 mg/kg, Cd2- 500 mg/kg, Cd3- 250 mg/kg, Cd4- 12 5mg/kg, Cd5-62.5 mg/kg) and the combination of the two salts using maize plant. The experiment was carried out under a greenhouse condition for ten weeks; the maize cob was harvested and analysed with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS). Sequential extraction was used to fractionate the spiked soils into five operationally defined groups: Exchangeable, Carbonate, Fe-Mn oxide, Organic and residual. The Organic fraction was the most abundant pool for the soil spiked with lead nitrate while Carbonate is the most abundant for that spiked with cadmium nitrate and the results obtained from the combination of the two salts indicated that Organic fraction was the most abundant. Metal distribution in the different chemical fractions in these soils depends on the respective total metal concentration used to spiked the soil.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fraction
  topic: keywords
subject: Maize
  topic: keywords
subject: Sorghum
  topic: keywords
subject: Cassava
  topic: keywords
subject: Rice
  topic: keywords
subject: Lead
  topic: keywords
subject: Cadmium
  topic: keywords
subject: Spiked
  topic: keywords
creator: Nicholas Naruna AIGBOVO
creator: Amowie Philip OVIAWE
creator: Philip Obasogie OVIASOGIE
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 111
ending page: 119
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18268073

Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Batteries
type: item
description: This study presents a comparative modeling and performance analysis of four major battery chemistries Lead–acid, Lithium-ion, Solid-state, and Flow using MATLAB/Simulink and Simscape. A unified equivalent circuit model (ECM), comprising an open-circuit voltage source, ohmic resistance, and two RC branches, was implemented as a baseline framework to ensure consistency across chemistries. Chemistry-specific extensions were incorporated, including the Shepherd–Peukert model for Lead–acid, a Single-Particle Model (SPM) for Lithium-ion, an extended SPM with interfacial resistance for Solid-state, and coupled tank–stack–channel dynamics for Flow batteries. Experimental OCV–SOC (Open-Circuit Voltage vs. State of Charge) data, diffusion coefficients, and kinetic parameters were integrated to enhance fidelity, while degradation sub-models such as SEI growth, Peukert aging, interfacial resistance, and electrolyte imbalance enabled lifecycle projections. Standardized test protocols comprising constant-current discharges, dynamic load cycles, temperature sweeps, and cycling tests were applied to evaluate voltage–SOC behaviour, round-trip efficiency, thermal rise, and cycle life. Results indicated that Lithium-ion and Solid-state deliver superior energy density and efficiency, Lead–acid remains cost-effective but cycle-limited, and Flow batteries achieve exceptional lifetime with scalable power–energy decoupling. The unified framework provides a reproducible methodology for battery evaluation, offering valuable insights for mobility, stationary storage, and grid-scale applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Battery modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: MATLAB/Simulink
  topic: keywords
subject: Lithium-ion
  topic: keywords
subject: Solid-state
  topic: keywords
subject: Flow battery
  topic: keywords
creator: Aniru Abudu Muhammed
creator: Hibah Imuentinyanose Muhammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 97
ending page: 110
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18267961

Assessing Grid Stability Under Renewable Energy Penetration Using Data-Driven Simulations
type: item
description: This study develops a simulation framework based on a modified IEEE 14-bus network in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate stability under renewable energy integration. Hourly meteorological data from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet, Jan–Dec 2024) were used to model residential and commercial loads alongside solar irradiance and wind speed. System performance was assessed at penetration levels of 10%, 50%, 70%, and 100%, using metrics such as voltage deviations, frequency fluctuations, and energy storage requirements. At 10% penetration, voltage and frequency remained within ±1.8% and ±0.02 Hz, respectively. At 50%, deviations increased to ±4.5% and ±0.08 Hz, while at 100% they exceeded ±6% and ±0.15 Hz. Storage capacity needs also rose significantly, from 0.5 MWh to over 6.5 MWh. The results highlight the growing importance of scalable energy storage and advanced control measures for maintaining power system reliability under high renewable penetration.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Renewable Energy Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Grid Stability
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy Storage
  topic: keywords
subject: Frequency Regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: IEEE 14 - bus
  topic: keywords
subject: MATLAB/Simulink
  topic: keywords
subject: inverter control
  topic: keywords
subject: droop control
  topic: keywords
creator: Abba Gana Modu
creator: Ali Warude Abdulkadir
creator: Bukar Abdullahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 85
ending page: 96
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18267837

COMPARATIVE YIELD AND ANALYSIS OF ALCOHOL FROM SELECTED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
type: item
description: Alcohol was produced from cassava, sorghum, rice and maize by measuring 100 grams of each starch material sourced from the different agricultural products which were hydrolyzed using 6 M hydrochloric acid respectively. The resultant reducing sugar (glucose) solution were fermented using brewer’s yeast and then distilled to obtain alcohol (ethanol). The yield of alcohol was determined, which ranged from 19.40 – 7.00 %. Sorghum gave the highest yield of 19.40 % which rice gave least yield of alcohol of 7.00 %. The daily protein analysis of the fermenting liquor was irregular, however the daily glucose analysis showed a gradual decrease in the concentration of glucose as fermentation progresses.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cassava
  topic: keywords
subject: Sorghum
  topic: keywords
subject: Rice
  topic: keywords
subject: Maize
  topic: keywords
subject: Alcohol
  topic: keywords
subject: Fermentation
  topic: keywords
creator: Nicholas Naruna Aigbovo
creator: Amowie.Philip Oviawe
creator: Beatrice Oghenetega Peretiemo-Clark
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 76
ending page: 84
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18267721

THERMAL COMPETITIVENESS OF FURNACE BRICKS MADE FROM AGGREGATION OF SAND AND CLAYS SOURCED FROM OVIA, AFUZE ANDOGHARA IN NIGER DELTA REGION OF NIGERIA
type: item
description: Furnace operation is dependent on the characteristics of clays and mode of production. Many fire bricks fail due to poor materials formulations during production. Also, reliance on foreign sourced fire bricks has been a bane to local production local fire bricks production in Nigeria. This paper analyzed thermal competitiveness of fire bricks made from clays sourced locally from Ovia, Afuze and Oghara townships in the Niger delta region of Nigeria. Thermal and physiochemical attributes of the fire bricks were studied based on the mix ratio formulation of clays, silica and water. Result obtained showed that the clays were of the alumina-silica group. Formulation mix ratio for Afuze and Oghara clays and silica was 3:2, while it Ovia clay to silica was 1:1. These ratios gave satisfactory characteristics of fire bricks made with the clays respectively in accordance to ASTM standards for fire bricks with operational temperatures of 10000C.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pyrometer
  topic: keywords
subject: Refractoriness
  topic: keywords
subject: Thermal
  topic: keywords
subject: Region
  topic: keywords
subject: Clay
  topic: keywords
subject: Analyze
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Wilfred Irogue
creator: E. Musa Bashir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 65
ending page: 75
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18267656

PLASTIC WASTES: AFRICA'S PERSPECTIVE IN ADDRESSING THE CRISIS AND INNOVATION FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
type: item
description: Plastic waste is a global environmental challenge, causing serious pollution in water, land, and air, and it affects biodiversity due to its persistent and non-biodegradable form. Their affordability and widespread use have led to escalating production, with developing countries facing major disposal challenges. Key drivers include urbanization, population growth, industrialization, economic development, and inadequate legislation. The government plays a central role in addressing plastic waste issues, together with the community, NGOs, and civil society organizations. However, efforts are often constrained by limited resources, weak infrastructure, poor coordination, and public resistance. In Africa, regional collaborations such as the African Union Convention, the Nairobi and Abidjan Conventions, and ECOWAS action plans promote shared knowledge and strategies for pollution control. Technological innovations, including recycling advancements and sustainable packaging alternatives, are being explored to support waste reduction. Policy measures such as bans on plastic bags, extended producer responsibility, prohibitions on microbeads, and sustainable packaging regulations have also been adopted. Nonetheless, weak enforcement, insufficient waste management systems, low public awareness, and political barriers hinder progress. Achieving sustainable plastic waste management requires innovation, strong governance, and transitioning towards a circular economy. To this end, it is important that policy measures on plastic waste disposal and usage, and technological advances such as recycling and sustainable packaging, be adopted in Africa towards a sustainable environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Plastic pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Policies
  topic: keywords
subject: Innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Circular economy
  topic: keywords
creator: O.O. Akingba
creator: A.O. Iyiola
creator: E.T. Ogbomida
creator: C.N. Emeribe
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 38
ending page: 63
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18267560

FORMS OF ORGANIC CARBON IN SOILS FROM ETSAKO EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE, NIGERIA
type: item
description: This study focuses on the forms and distribution of organic carbon content in the soils of Etsako East Local Government Area. The soil samples were physically fractionated into labile organic carbon and recalcitrant organic carbon following standard methods in the laboratory to understand soil organic carbon dynamics and the effect on land use and selected physical-chemical properties of the soils were also determined. In all it was observed that the labile organic carbon accounted for 13 percent of the total organic carbon while the recalcitrant organic carbon accounts for 87 percent indicating that the recalcitrant organic carbon is of a greater proportion than the labile organic carbon. These fractions of organic carbon were also decreasing with depth. The soil organic carbon is low. The study revealed the different land uses contributed to the relatively low level of labile organic carbon in the soil hence appropriate crop and soil management practices are required in maintaining or improving the organic carbon status of the soil.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: forms
  topic: keywords
subject: distribution
  topic: keywords
subject: labile organic carbon
  topic: keywords
subject: recalcitrant organic carbon
  topic: keywords
creator: Nicholas Naruna Aigbovo
creator: Philip Obasogie Oviasogie
creator: Amowie Philip Oviawe
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 23
ending page: 37
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18267452

EVALUATION OF WIND ENERGY FOR POWER GENERATION IN BAUCHI STATE NIGERIA
type: item
description: This study evaluated the wind power potential of a selected site (Bauchi) in Nigeria using wind speed data from 2015 to 2020, which were analyzed by Weibull probability distribution function. The average annual wind speed variation of the site lies between 2.05 m/s and 2.13 m/s. The shape factor K lies between 8.619 and 6.043, while the scale factor c lies between 7.33 m/s and 4.10 m/s. The average wind speed range of 2.05m/s-2.13m/s is small but sufficient enough for small scale wind turbines with cut-in speeds of 2.0m/s hence, the site can be used for water pumping and battery charging. Selection of wind turbine was basically done on the average wind speed on the study site which has to be sufficient to meet the cut-in wind speed. Tumo-Int 400W wind turbine generator is suitable for the study site; it is efficient even at lower wind speed. It is recommended that more sites should be studied, as wind is stochastic in nature so as to get more accurate and comprehensive wind profile for Nigeria. The government also needs to develop good policy that would foster the development of wind energy technology and attract investors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Wind speed
  topic: keywords
subject: Weibull
  topic: keywords
subject: Tumo-Int 400W wind turbine
  topic: keywords
subject: energy
  topic: keywords
creator: M. Samuel
creator: S U. Muhammad
creator: A. Sa’ad
creator: A. Haruna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 13
ending page: 22
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18267329

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RADIONUCLIDE CONTAMINATION IN NIGERIAN FISH AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH
type: item
description: This systematic review (2015–2025) synthesizes 111 peer-reviewed studies on radionuclide contamination in Nigerian fish, focusing mostly on catfish and tilapia across Lagos (Epe, Victoria Island), Rivers (Port Harcourt), Niger (Kainji), Ondo (Ilaje, Ijebu), Kwara (Ilorin), Osun (Eko-Ende), Ekiti (Ado Ekiti), Kaduna (River Kaduna), Gombe (Dadin Kowa), Kebbi, and Delta States. Elevated radionuclide levels (²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K, ²³⁸U) in Lagos (²³²Th: 299.33 Bq/kg) and Rivers (⁴⁰K: 2,305.84 Bq/kg) reflect industrial and oil-related pollution, while Ekiti and Kaduna show minimal contamination. Catfish exhibited higher bioaccumulation than tilapia due to benthic feeding habits. Annual effective doses (AEDs: 5.5 – 416 μSv/y) and excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCR: 0.97×10⁻³ for catfish, 0.85×10⁻³ for tilapia) were below ICRP thresholds, indicating fish consumption is not toxic. Children in Gombe face higher risks (AED: 66 μSv/y) due to higher absorption. Mitigation includes source control, water treatment (adsorption, ion exchange), sediment dredging, bioremediation, phytoremediation, permeable reactive barriers, fish monitoring, and consumption advisories. Research gaps include limited studies in northern/eastern regions (e.g., Plateau, Imo, Bayelsa), lack of temporal trend analysis, and non-carcinogenic risk assessments. Future studies should standardize protocols, explore aquaculture, and model climate-driven radionuclide mobilization to enhance food safety and public health policies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bioaccumulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Fish
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
subject: Radionuclides
  topic: keywords
subject: Radiological Hazards
  topic: keywords
creator: Ewuga, J. Ulu
creator: Joshua, A. Samuel
creator: Aisha, A. Bello
creator: Orkaa, M. Stephen
creator: Dakup, Y. Kitagak
creator: Daze, Z. Joseph
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-15
publication date: 2025-06-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18249875